— Horizontal Curve Geometry
Circular horizontal curve elements — tangent distance T, curve length L, long chord LC, middle ordinate M, and external distance E — from the radius (or arc-definition degree of curve) and the deflection angle Δ.
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— Horizontal Curve Geometry
Circular horizontal curve elements — tangent distance T, curve length L, long chord LC, middle ordinate M, and external distance E — from the radius (or arc-definition degree of curve) and the deflection angle Δ.